This dataset describes the average cost per moderately priced meal, the maximum total Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits (before and after the 15 percent increase in 2020), and the gap between meal cost and benefits for all US counties. It is constructed using the US Census Bureau’s 2018 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates of SNAP participation by county; Feeding America’s Map the Meal Gap data, including NielsenIQ county-level food price data, adjusted for state and local taxes and US Office of Management and Budget geographic classifications; and 2020 US Department of Agriculture maximum benefit allotments. The dataset was used in the brief, “How Far Did SNAP Benefits Fall Short of Covering the Cost of a Meal in 2020?”